Lecture: Prof Chris Snyder – “Gatsby in Trinity Quad: Oxford and the American Army Education Commission, 1918-19”

Danson Room, Trinity College, Tuesday 31 May, 4:00pm
Followed by a drinks reception

Under the command of General John G. Pershing, American soldiers began arriving in France in May 1918, at first in small numbers, but eventually the American Expeditionary Force included more than two million soldiers. Well before their success in the Argonne Forest, allied leaders foresaw the logistical problem of dealing with so many soldiers stranded in France during the period between the Armistice and the Treaty of Versailles. One solution was continuing education opportunities for army officers, and thousands were sent to universities in Britain, France, and Italy. This study focuses on a group of about 200 A.E.F. officers who came to Oxford for Trinity Term, 1919. Demographic analysis reveals much about the A.E.F. officer corps (which included several Rhodes Scholars) and about the expectations the U.S. had for this generation of military leaders. F. Scott Fitzgerald drew on all of this in his portrayal of Major Jay Gatsby as a participant in this Oxford project.

Chris Snyder, Professor of History and Dean, Shackouls Honors College, Mississippi State University has been affiliated to the Globalising and Localising the Great War project since Trinity term 2015. He returns to Oxford during Trinity term 2016 to conduct research for his next book.

CfP: Gendering Peace in Europe, 1918-1945

Humanities Research Institute (HRI), The University of Sheffield
Friday 20 – Saturday 21 January 2017

Organised by Dr Julie Gottlieb, together with Dr Caoimhe Nic Dháibhéid and Centre for Peace Studies

During and after the First World War, blueprints for peace and a non-violent reordering of society permeated all countries in Europe. They were political, artistic and practical responses to the experience of total war, based on a wide array of different political and religious values and motives. While many of these ideas and initiatives have been studied in some detail, the gendering of peace in Europe during and between the two world wars has not as yet been systematically analysed.

The gendering of initiatives for and debates over peace was a crucial element of European politics from the onset of the Great War to the struggles over appeasement in the run-up to the Second World War, and to the planning for post-war reconstruction. The gendering of peace is more than just the study of women’s pacifist groups – even though this is an important part of it. The notion of a gendering of peace refers to the fact that the different roles, emotions, and forms of agency that are attributed to men and women were crucial parameters for the ways in which a non-violent re-ordering of national polities and international relations was envisaged and legitimised. For example, male conscientious objectors as well as female pacifists were portrayed as ‘effeminate’, thus delineating a gendered space for the debate over non-violent politics. Discourses on nationalism and sovereignty in the wake of the Treaties of Paris in 1919/20 were ripe with gendered metaphors that portrayed the task of peaceful self-determination as a predominantly male endeavour. Debates over maternalism and the role of mothers in society were a crucial site for conceptualising a critique of belligerence.

The organising themes of the conference are as follows:
1) gender and non-violent practices, including the reception of Gandhi’s ideas in Europe;
2) masculine/feminine values and metaphors in debates over national sovereignty and rearmaments;
3) competing spaces and forms of agency for men and women in European pacifism; 4) the gendering and politicization of pacifism and peace campaigns across the political spectrum; 5) the evolution of pacifist commitment in the face of fascism and war.

We will discuss these issues in a two-day conference, to be held at the HRI on 20-21 January, 2017. The plenary speakers have been confirmed*, and we are now inviting abstracts for 20-minute papers to be presented in parallel sessions. We welcome proposals for individual papers or for panels consisting of three papers and a chair/commentator. Papers can cover any European country, take international or transnational viewpoints, or offer comparative case studies, and come from interdisciplinary perspectives. We especially encourage the submission of proposals from postgraduates and early career researchers.

Please submit your proposal with title, abstract of 250-300 words, and a short bio to julie.gottlieb@sheffield.ac.uk by 23 May, 2016.

It is the intention that a selection of the best conference papers will be published – in revised form – in a peer-reviewed journal or as an edited collection. We are grateful for the funding for this event to the Batley Legacy to the University of Sheffield, and we do not anticipate having to charge a conference fee.

*Confirmed plenary speakers:
Emily Baughan, Caitrona Beaumont, Laura Beers, Clarisse Berthezene, Charlotte Bill (filmmaker) with Helen Kay, Akos Farkas, Julie Gottlieb, Susan Grayzel, Richard Overy, Senia Paseta, Ingrid Sharp, Matthew Stibbe, Judith Szapor, Sonja Tiernan.

Further information here.

CFP: “Re-conceptualizing Cultures of Remote Warfare:” Special Issue of The Journal of War and Culture Studies

We are now into the second century in which aerial warfare is commonplace in a range of forms, and the second decade in which drone warfare is routinized. As paradigm, strategy, and tactic, violence-at-a-distance has become a predominant model of military engagement. Even a partial list of its manifestations reveals its reach and diversification: the initial use of weaponized aircraft during the First World War; the bombing of Guernica in the Spanish Civil War; the firebombing of Tokyo during the Second World War; Richard Nixon’s efforts to use sustained bombing to compel negotiations during the Vietnam War; the ‘smart bombs’ fetishized during the 1991 Persian Gulf War; and the embrace of drones as the solution to the challenges posed by the twenty-first century’s non-linear and unbounded battlefield. War at a distance requires, and prompts the development of, new types of weapons, including the atom bomb, the Minuteman Missile, Napalm, Cruise missiles, and the Predator and Reaper drones. The significance of these inventions, and their casualties, extends beyond the historical and political frames, resonating into the domains of environment, ethics, and culture.

Activists, artists, and scholars across the humanities and social sciences have taken these forms of warfare as objects of criticism, inspiration, and study. Beyond the rehash of now-familiar critiques of remote warfare and its potential for dehumanization and indiscriminate lethality, however, what is left to be said? We invite essays for a themed special issue of The Journal of War and Culture Studies that develop new, more substantive and productive ways of thinking about remoteness in warfare by opening up uncharted critical spaces in which to reflect on it and, more specifically, its cultural origins, consequences, and enmeshments.

Among the questions that this issue will explore are: What are the cultural preconditions for remote warfare? How does remote warfare transform the cultures that engage in, and suffer under, it? What sites of cultural production capture or obscure the experiences of remote warfare’s perpetrators and casualties? How do producers of culture understand their obligations during remote wartime, and what roles do audiences and spectators play in these exchanges? How might cultural productions enable or critique this violence? Articles for this special issue may pursue answers to these questions by illuminating overlooked histories and cultural products, developing methodologies suited to studying these issues, identifying conceptual frameworks that need to evolve to keep pace with new developments, making ethical claims, or clarifying the role of theory in times of remote warfare. Given the centrality of U.S. doctrine, technologies, and conflicts in the propagation of remote warfare, we are especially, but not exclusively, interested in articles that consider these issues in an American context, broadly construed.

This special issue of The Journal of War and Culture Studies is provisionally scheduled to appear in 2018 – a moment that marks the fifteenth anniversary of the U.S.-led war in Iraq and the fiftieth anniversary of the final months of Operation Rolling Thunder in Vietnam. These anniversaries create timely opportunities for reconsidering remote warfare, and tracing both historical continuities and disjunctures. JWACS emphasizes the critical study of connections between warfare and cultural production, broadly construed to encompass the arts, all forms of popular culture, journalism, documentary, institutional media, and more. Successful abstracts will clearly indicate how the proposed paper contributes to the overall project of the journal and the objectives of the special issue.

To propose an article for inclusion in this special issue, please submit a 500-word abstract and a 2-page CV to its editors, Rebecca A. Adelman (adelman@umbc.edu) and David Kieran (dkieran@washjeff.edu), by May 15, 2016 for a decision by early June. Draft manuscripts will be due January 15, 2017, and final manuscripts on June 1, 2017. We also welcome queries in advance.

Job vacancy: Instructor, World History / War and Society, Alabama

The Department of History at Auburn University, Alabama invites applications for one (non-tenure-track) position at the rank of Instructor. The appointee will be primarily responsible for teaching multiple sections of our two-term core undergraduate sequence in World History, but will also be expected to teach an upper-level undergraduate survey course in World Military History as well as courses in his/her areas of specialization. Area of specialization is open, but the department especially welcomes applications from scholars who employ a transnational or world focus in their teaching and research or who complement existing strengths in the department.

The one-year appointment will begin on August 16, 2016, with a possibility of renewal for up to two additional years contingent upon need, funding, and satisfactory performance. Ph. D. in History prior to employment is desired, but outstanding candidates who are in the final stages of doctoral candidacy will be considered.

Review of applications will begin on May 6, 2016, and will continue until the position is filled. Closing date stated as 16 August 2016.

To apply for this position, please visit https://aufacultypositions.peopleadmin.com/. Applicants will be required to attach a letter of application, vita, research sample, graduate transcripts, teaching portfolio, and the contact information for three recommendation writers.

The candidate selected for this position must be able to meet eligibility requirements to work in the United States at the time the appointment is scheduled to begin and to continue working legally for the proposed term of employment; excellent communications skills required.

Contact: David Carter, Search Committee Chair: dcarter@auburn.edu

CfP: Faith and the First World War

Conference: University of Glasgow, 21-22 July 2016

A programme of events to mark the centenary of the Women’s Peace Crusade will take place on 23 July 2016 at Glasgow Women’s Library.

The extent and importance of religious faith in the First World War is undoubtedly one of the great rediscoveries of the centenary years. Among the belligerent empires and nations, religion proved to be a vital sustaining and motivating force, with the Ottoman war effort cloaked as a jihad, the United States entering the war on Good Friday 1917, and even professedly secular societies such as France experiencing a degree of religious revival. At the same time religious convictions also provided some of the most powerful critiques of the war, contributing to tireless peace-making efforts by Pope Benedict XV and to the stand of thousands of conscientious objectors in Great Britain and the United States. Faith also inspired many of the women who were active in war resistance and initiatives for peace, including Quakers, feminists and Christian socialists who were involved in the Hague Peace Congress of 1915, the resulting Women’s International League, and also grassroots action such as the Women’s Peace Crusade, which was launched in Glasgow in the summer of 1916.

This conference seeks to explore the huge diversity and significance of religious faith for those who experienced the First World War, addressing themes such as faith in the armed forces and on the home front, religion, war resistance and the peace crusade, and the role of religion in remembrance.

Key-note speakers will include Professor S. J. Brown (University of Edinburgh), Dr Lesley Orr (University of Edinburgh) and Professor Michael Snape (University of Durham).

We invite proposals for twenty-minute papers on topics related to the theme. We would welcome papers not only from academics, but also from independent scholars, local history researchers, archivists and others with an interest in this area. Deadline for paper proposals is 31 May 2016. Please send abstracts (ca. 150 words) to Dr Charlotte Methuen: charlotte.methuen@glasgow.ac.uk.

To register for the conference, please contact Dr Charlotte Methuen (charlotte.methuen@glasgow.ac.uk) or visit (https://www.eventbrite.com/e/faith-and-the-first-world-war-tickets-24680348587). Cost to participants is £25.00 per day to include coffees, teas and lunch. Please pay by cheque (made out to “The University of Glasgow”) or by cash on the day. We can provide a list of local and university accommodation.

Conference poster: Faith and the First World War call for papers
Booking form: Faith and the First World War – Booking Form

New blog post for KCL’s Defence-in-Depth website

Hanna Smyth, who is completing her DPhil on the relationship between Commonwealth War Graves Commission sites and identity, recently contributed to Kings College London’s blog Defence-in-Depth, Research from the Defence Studies Department. Her blog, ‘Identities set in Stone? The Delville Wood and Vimy Memorials as Sites of Hybridity’, can be accessed here.

CfP: Maritime Masculinities, 1815-1940

Oxford, UK, 19th-20th December, 2016

Keynote speakers include:
Dr Mary Conley, College of the Holy Cross, USA
Prof. Joanne Begiato, Oxford Brookes University
Dr Isaac Land, Indiana State University, USA

The Department of History, Philosophy & Religion, Oxford Brookes University, and the Port Towns and Urban Cultures group, University of Portsmouth, invite proposals for a conference concerning Maritime Masculinities, 1815-1940.

Whilst much has been written about masculinity in the maritime sphere in the eighteenth century, rather less work has been carried out on this domain of research in the nineteenth and the first half of the twentieth century; a period that saw significant changes in both areas.

The period from 1815 – 1940 saw the demise of the sail ship, and the rise of the machine-driven steam, and then oil-powered ships. It began as a period of both naval and maritime supremacy for Britain, which was subsequently eroded during two world wars. After a century of frequent naval warfare, there was the advent of the Pax Britannica, and the phenomenon of navies which barely fought. Moreover, popular navalism emerged in advertising, pageantry, and popular literature, and was the subject of photography and then film.

Cultural ideals of masculinities also underwent considerable shifts in a period that in civilian life advocated differing styles of manliness including Christian manliness, muscular Christianity, and the domestic man, and in the armed forces deployed tropes of masculinity such as bravery, stoicism, and endurance to the extent that military and maritime models of manliness were held up as aspirational models for all men.

Such an immense array of changes shaped perceptions and representations of masculinity within maritime spheres and beyond. This conference seeks to analyse how such changes influenced change and continuity in popular understandings of masculine identity, manliness, and the seafarer.

Conference themes include, but are not limited to, the following topics:

The effect of technological change, eliminating the skill of sailing, but necessitating the engineer
The end of a century of war, the transition to civilian life and the phenomenon of the non-combative sailor
The growth of maritime empires, and cultural contact with indigenous peoples
The maritime man in material culture, fashion, advertising and the press
Exploration and heroism
Photography, art, and film
Fiction, theatre, and music
Sailors in port and at home
Dockyards and shipbuilding
Heritage, memory, and museums

Proposals are invited for short papers (20 minutes) and panel sessions (60 minutes).

Abstracts of up to 250 words are invited, and should be sent to Dr Steven Gray at maritimemasculinities@gmail.com

Deadline for abstracts: Friday, 20 May at midnight (GMT)

Further information here.